The CNRS defends gender equality in world science

"Attracting more women to academic careers and ensuring the highest standards of research quality are essential to enhancing science’s role in addressing societal and economic challenges. To achieve this, it is vital that we continue to mainstream gender equality in European and international cooperation". These words come from the joint declaration proposed by the CRNS and signed by all eleven of the institutions that won the EU Award for Gender Equality Champions (see list at the end of this article). During an international webinar for Women's Rights Day in March 2025 organised by the CNRS's European and International Affairs Department (DEI) and Mission for Women's Integration (MPDF), Antoine Petit, the Chairman and CEO of the French research organisation that won the 2024 European Gender Equality Prize, urged representatives of other similar organisations from the 'Old Continent' to join "a European league of gender equality champions". The Chairman and CEO considers it "important to show the international community that Europe is working to promote gender equality" in what is an increasingly worrying situation for gender equality initiatives in the United States since the start of 2025. Mr Petit's March appeal clearly resonated with its audience as ten other European gender equality champions have since agreed to work on drafting a joint declaration proposed by the CNRS that affirms the importance of gender equality.

In France, the CNRS has been recognised for its positive actions in favour of gender equality since the creation of the MPDF nearly 25 years ago. The CNRS's previous Gender Equality Plan (2021-2023) paved the way for achieving a 40% female representation rate among its scientific staff members, a figure that varies according to the discipline involved, and lowering the so-called 'glass ceiling'. Now, 32% of research professors are female with women also directing a quarter of the units under CNRS supervisory authority. However, the CNRS's commitment to gender parity does not stop at the European Research Area as the organisation incorporates pro-gender parity actions into its international cooperation projects worldwide, even inspiring other scientific institutions to follow suit in promoting the place of women in science. Here is an overview of the CNRS's global gender equality initiatives.

China – raising awareness for more effective action

The first step towards gender equality is to raise awareness of the issue itself and this challenge has been taken up by the CNRS office in Beijing, working alongside the French Embassy in China and the organisation's Chinese partners. To celebrate 60 years of diplomatic relations between China and France, the French Embassy worked with Chinese scientists to organise the installation of the  travelling photographic exhibition 'La Science taille XX elles'1 . Since this event's creation in Toulouse in 2018, deriving from the partnership between the CNRS and the 'Femmes & Science' association, the exhibition has showcased 158 female researchers, engineers and technicians through their photo portraits across the exhibition's eight editions. The Chinese version was the first outside France and featured twenty new portraits in an exhibition running from November 2024 to September 2025. The Chinese exhibition was organised in several cities across the country (Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Chengdu and Shenzhen) and broke all attendance records, attracting over 90,000 visitors and driving 200 million plus views in online newspapers.

• 1Literally 'size XXL science' with a play on 'elles' (feminine plural pronoun) which has the same phonetic sound as 'L'.

These figures clearly testify to the Chinese public's considerable interest in this issue. The CNRS now aims to build on this interest in its cooperation projects in China which have been booming since the end of the Covid-19 pandemic. Fermin Cuevas, director of the CNRS Beijing office, explains that "the Chinese government has launched an ambitious policy to reduce gender inequality in research. Up until now, women researchers only received 10% of the funding and represented just 6% of the members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)", China's leading research organisation. The measures taken at the national level are remarkable and include the creation of gender equality committees, the introduction of a pilot quota for women in academic elections, priority scientific funding for women when applicants have equal skills, and support for pregnant or breastfeeding women. However the director of the Beijing office still observes "remaining gaps in their local implementation" which makes it necessary to "reinforce monitoring of policy implementation". In this context, the CNRS, as the leading French partner and third largest European partner for Chinese scientific organisations, could act as a catalyst for gender equality by starting to structure the issue into its cooperation mechanisms. Fermin Cuevas indeed observes that "during Antoine Petit's last visit to China in June 2024, he expressed his wish to achieve progress with the issue of gender equality during the strategic dialogue with the CAS".

Japan – inspiring local partners

To further advance gender equality the CNRS's Chinese partners could look across the East China Sea for inspiration. In Japan, since the creation of an International Research Centre (IRC)1  with the CNRS in 2022, the country's leading university, the University of Tokyo (UTokyo), has officially integrated gender parity as a key component of this cooperation initiative. The IRC, jointly run with the CNRS subscribes fully to a local initiative that was also launched in 2022 – the 'UTokyo Gender Equity Initiative #WeChange' programme, which is based on 'UTokyo Compass', a vision promoted by the university's president since his appointment in 2021.

• 1An IRC is an institutional mechanism intended to establish an ambitious strategic dialogue between the CNRS and its academic partner. The aim is to define the partners' common interests and the collaboration projects required to work together effectively on these. They can take the form of international research laboratories, research projects, thematic networks or other existing or future mechanisms.

This diversity programme derives from the observation that "women are under-represented at our university to an extent that is quite exceptional on a global scale", admits Kaori Hayashi, the female Executive Vice-President of UTokyo in charge of gender equality issues. In 2022, the proportion of female faculty members was at 16.7% while only around 20.1% of the University of Tokyo's undergraduate student body were women. Conversely, 90% of the university's full professors were male along with 85% of the associate professors and 80% of the undergraduate students. To rectify this imbalance and promote inclusivity on its campuses, the university set up a 'Center for Coproduction of Inclusion, Diversity and Equity'. By 2024, the first results of this initiative were already visible with the proportion of female faculty members rising to 18.3% while the proportions of undergraduate students going up to 21.3%.

The Executive Vice-President of UTokyo welcomes advice from her French partner. "The CNRS has different measures to address gender imbalance. By sharing information on this topic, it is hoped that new ideas would be brought to light". At a time when Japan aims to forge closer ties with Europe and hopes to become an associated country in the Horizon Europe framework programme like Canada, New Zealand and South Korea, Kaori Hayashi would like to draw inspiration from the avant-garde nature of European organisations' work in favour of gender parity. "I believe that Japan is seeking to align itself with the level of feminisation of scientific disciplines in Europe. We would like to cooperate with CNRS and European partners on issues such as increasing gender balance in the decision-making process and research institutions, and integrating a gender dimension into research and innovation content".

Latin America – giving cooperation schemes the right tools

On the other side of the Pacific in Latin America, the rate of feminisation in science is higher than in Japan, ranging from 18% of women in Chile to 33% in Argentina and 37% in Brazil, and yet obstacles still remain. Dealing with these was the precise objective of the European Gender-STI observatory which the CNRS and four Latin American organisations contributed to until it shut in 20231 . These organisations included the University of São Paulo (USP), a CNRS partner in another IRC. Genoveva Vargas-Solar, a CNRS researcher at the Laboratoire d'Informatique en Image et des Systèmes d'Information2  is a member of this project and tells us that the aim is to "identify the aspects of the current model of scientific production that can hinder or discourage women from considering a long-term career path that includes master's studies, a PhD and a research career". Latin American research institutions particularly wished to forge closer links with Europe and especially Spain, because Europe is considered to be at the forefront of gender equality. Unlike their European colleagues in general, it is frequent for Latin American researchers to have children during their studies as courses take longer than in Europe and motherhood has been pinpointed as an additional hindrance to those interested in international mobility opportunities. To help put this right, Gender-STI has "implemented a practical checklist for setting up international scientific collaboration programmes" to systematically integrate the gender equality issue, explains Genoveva Vargas-Solar.

• 1The 'Red Argentina de Género, Ciencia y Tecnología' assocation from Argentina, the 'Red Nacional para Investigación y Educación de Chile, the Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey in Mexico and the USP.
• 2'Laboratory of Computer Science in Image and Information Systems' (LIRIS) - CNRS / Insa Lyon / Université Claude-Bernard Lyon-I / École Centrale de Lyon / Université Lyon-II Lumière.

As well as collecting statistics, Gender-STI has also provided partner institutions with practical tools to promote gender parity. The research officer assures us that, from now on, "new scientific cooperation agreements aim to achieve gender parity in the governance of work packages as far as possible". A gender equality observatory, the SPIDER-EULAC project, which the MPDF takes part in, is carrying on monitoring this issue in Latin America.

Africa – enhancing the visibility of women researchers

The CNRS has been increasing its cooperation with Africa since the launch of its 2023 Multi-Year Cooperation Plan with Africa. The proportion of women in scientific careers on the continent is growing rapidly, reaching up to 30% of the workforce in some African countries. Benoit Hazard, the director of the new CNRS office in Nairobi, has observes "a vast movement driving women's involvement in scientific careers in Africa coupled with a significant change to their place in universities – women are increasingly reaching very high level political positions such as university presidencies, roles on ministries or pan-African scientific organisations". However, this diverse pool of women also masks a form of 'relegation' to certain fields. Their visibility in scientific diplomacy posts and applied research programmes linked to social and development issues, particularly in the engineering sciences appears to be at the expense of basic research. Added to this is a sociological factor namely that it is common in women's scientific careers for these "to have children – with the burden of raising them as well – and to work on a PhD at the same time. This factor has a strong impact on women's professional careers which take a lot longer than in Europe", notes the director of the new Kenyan office. 

Benoit Hazard points out that "the issue of women's place in scientific careers was quickly brought to the table at the Nairobi office since it was set up". Among the office's first actions were mapping women's scientific careers, highlighting African women scientists and also a series of conferences aimed at reinforcing the basic research capacities of the 44 beneficiaries of the pan-African Arise programme1 , a third of whom are female. Benoit Hazard also has questions about the role of student mobility, noting that the PhD students funded in the framework of the Joint Research Programmes tend to be French male PhD students rather than their female counterparts. On the other hand, many African female PhD students who go to work Europe tend to give up and either stay on the Old Continent or stop their theses. "However, this young generation which we're training on an equal footing is actually the prerequisite for a balanced scientific partnership between the CNRS and its African partners", argues the Nairobi office's director.

Canada – drawing inspiration from successful policies

Despite Europe's positive feminisation rate, the continent can itself draw inspiration from countries that are even more advanced in terms of gender parity, particularly if we look across the Atlantic to Canada. Two Canadian scientific institutions2  were also part of the Gender-STI project and efforts to advance women's position in science there have been successful. In 2009, women held only 24% of the University of Ottawa's chairs whereas that figure has now risen to 51%. Andréa Dessen, the director of the CNRS's Ottawa office, marvels at Canada's progress, describing the country as "a true model for gender equality but also as regards integrating sex and gender issues in science". She also points out that before 2010, less than 20% of the basic research funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) (a member of Gender-STI and partner in the Gender-Net Plus with the CNRS) incorporated these issues, whereas now they are integrated into over 90% of the research supported by this federal health research funding agency. 

Above all, Canada has taken the single issue of gender even further by setting "proactive targets for the representation of women and also visible minorities (non-white and non-Indigenous), indigenous populations and the disabled". For these reasons, Andréa Dessen strongly urges Europe and the CNRS to "take inspiration from Canada in promoting diversity, equity and inclusion".

• 1Arise is a research and innovation support programme launched by the African Academy of Sciences (AAS) and run by the AAS in partnership with the African Union and the European Union.
• 2The CIHR in Ottawa and the Ontario College of Art and Design University in Toronto.

Feminising science has thus had repercussions that go far beyond just scientific disciplines because proactive policies in science also have a trickle-down effect for society in the countries concerned. Or, to quote the European Champions for Equality's joint declaration, "in today’s context, science is more important than ever in addressing the global challenges facing our societies. Achieving inclusive gender equality in higher education, research and innovation is key to successfully addressing these challenges".

The eleven signatories:

National Centre for Scientific Research (France)

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (Spain)

INSTRUCT-ERIC (Europe)

Karolinska Institutet (Sweden)

National University of Ireland, Maynooth (Ireland)

University of Medicine and Health Sciences (Ireland)

South East Technological University (Ireland)

Trinity College Dublin (Ireland)

Technological University of the Shannon (Ireland)

Uniwersytet Gdański (Poland)

Rovira i Virgili University (Spain)